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   Op-ed
26 January International Customs Day 2022
  Date : 29-03-2024

Dr.  Muhammad Mahtab Hossain Mazed: Today is Wednesday International Customs Day 2022. The day will be observed in 173 member countries of the World Customs Organization including Bangladesh through various programsThe day has been observed in different countries of the world since 1983 at the invitation of the International Customs Cooperation Council. Bangladesh has been observing the day since 1993 as a member of the International Customs Cooperation CouncilThis council has been working since 1953. Since the Council commenced its activities on 26 January 1953, this day has been declared as International Customs DayThe task of the International Customs Council is to balance and adjust the world customs system in order to eliminate the irregularities, inequalities and inconsistencies created in the national trade practices and policies. Bangladesh is a signatory to the WTO Pricing Agreement. Bangladesh has introduced tariff assessment policy to fulfill Bangladesh`s commitment to implement this international agreement. One hundred and seventy three countries of the world are its members. Bangladesh, a South Asian country, is also a member of this organization. In 1947, steps were taken to coordinate an intergovernmental tariff. The Customs Co-operation Council was formally established in 1952. The first council session was held on 26 January 1953 in Brussels. The organization was renamed the World Customs Organization in 1994. International Customs Day is observed on this day every year to commemorate the first session of the organization held in 1953. Our country`s customs system has not been modernized. Over time, imports and exports have not been facilitated. In this context, the importance of celebrating International Customs Day in Bangladesh is immense.

Provision of collection of duty in the eyes of Islam:

It would not be illegal to sell all foreign goods imported through government evasion. However, in the eyes of the government, this act is a criminal offense, so there is caution in not selling such products. Because, it has been said in Quran Majeed, meaning ‘Do not throw yourselves to destruction with your own hands.’ [Surah Baqara, verse: 195] Takmilatu Fathul Mulhim 3 / 323-324;

Raddul Muhtar 6/399 and the finance department of the Islamic State is called Baitul Maal. The prescribed means of importing Baitul Maal are: Zakat, Ushar, Khiraj, Jijia, Male Fai, Male booty and lost property. Apart from these, Islam is very sensitive about imposing tariffs on the people. Under normal circumstances, the imposition of tariffs has been declared.However, if there is ever a situation in the country where there is not enough money in Baitul Male to meet the overall needs of the country and the people, then Islamic scholars have allowed that situation to be considered as a special situation and tax should be levied very carefully. In terminology it is called ‘Jaribatun Nayebah’ (temporary tax). But this will be allowed only when the ruling class refrains from luxuries and luxuries and imposes taxes to meet the needs of the wife.However, in the case of tax collection, there should be no injustice at all times. Hadith Sharif, the Prophet (peace be upon him)Irshad said, "The one who receives Max will not enter Paradise." (Abu Dawood, Hadith number: 2939)‘Max’ is usually translated as ‘tax’. On this basis, it is sometimes thought that this hadith forbade the taking of all kinds of taxes. But the fact of the matter is that Max is interpreted differently by muhaddiths and jurists in different ways. Imam Abu Ubayd Qasim Ibn Salam Rahmatullahi Alaihi in his interpretation of this hadith said that such a custom existed in the age of ignorance. All the kings of Arabia and non-Arabs used to do this. Their rule was that when the merchants passed through their area, they would recover one tenth of their wealth from them. (Al-Amwal, Abu Ubayd: Narration number: 1131) Imam Tahawi (Rah.) Wrote in his explanation that the duty of the Prophet (peace be upon him)Eliminated from the Muslims, that was the ushr (tithe), which was used in the age of ignorance. (Sharhu Maanil Asar: 4/253) Imam Ghazzali (Rah.) Has shed light on this subject in detail. First, he condemned the rulers who taxed the comfort and luxury of their armies. He then mentioned the following conditions for taxation:

A) The ruler must be the one to whom obedience is obligatory.

B) For the security of the country there should be a real need. C) Baitul Maal should be moneyless.

D) The tax may be levied as long as it is sufficient to meet the requirement.

E) Justice must be done in the distribution of taxes to the people. It should not be the case that a lot of taxes are imposed on one person, but less is imposed on another like himSince it is difficult for the contemporary ruling class to observe these conditions properly, the ulama have always discouraged the imposition of such taxes. Allowed in strict conditions when needed. When the Tatars invaded the Muslim world, and the sultan`s wealth was needed to pay for the war, he wanted to borrow some from the merchants and impose some taxes. For this he called a gathering of ulama and qazis. At that time Hazrat Shaykh Izzuddin Ibn Abdus Salam (Rah.) Was the head of the ulama. Addressing the Sultan, he said that when the enemy invades a Muslim country, it is the duty of all Muslims to fight against them. The more resources you have, the more you can wage war, the more you can recover from the people. (An-Nuzum az-Zahera: 7/ 72-73, Tabaqatush Shafi`iyyah: 8/215) The bottom line is that everyone has allowed the imposition of tax in proportion to the need at the time of actual need. On the contrary, the book written by Imamul Haramain Allama Juwaini Rahmatullahi Alaihi Nizamul Malik under the direction of Tusir is known as Al-Ghiyasi. He has discussed this subject in detail in a few chapters. He also said that if Baitul Maal has a special need, then such tax can be levied differently. (Ghiyasul Umam fi Iltiasis Jalam, Juwaini: 256-26) But even after this matter has been justified, so that this opportunity may not be misused anywhere, the ulama have always taken that fear into consideration.

Wealth corruption is rampant in governments today. The national treasury is used extremely ruthlessly. A large part of the national wealth is spent on the comforts and luxuries of the ruling class. There are numerous costs that have no validity. The cost of the palaces of the rulers is unbridled. Rather a pity! Muslim countries have surpassed many non-Muslim countries in the unhesitating use of national resources. If these corruptions and abuses are eliminated from the expenditure of the national treasury, then the need to impose heavy taxes on the people will undoubtedly be greatly reducedBut there is no denying the fact that the new culture has created many cost sectors that do not fit into the definition of luxury; Rather, it is necessary to live with self-respect in any country in this age. The present governments have to provide many services which were not the responsibility of the previous government. For example, electricity, gas supply and infrastructural development in the country. Of course there were many divisions before; But their cost was not so high. At present their cost has increased manifold. For example, the provision of new weapons for warfare, the construction of paved roads, new means of communication, information and propaganda management, education and health খরচ the cost of each of these has undoubtedly increased significantly. Again, in most of these cases (according to Hanafi Madhhab) the meaning of Zakat and Ushr cannot be usedMay Allah grant everyone the tawfiq to walk and understand for the right cause - Aameen.

Author: Dr.  Muhammad Mahtab Hossain Mazed is the Founder of Bangladesh Patient Welfare Society. He van be reached at drmazed96@gmail.com



  
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