Khwaja Masum Bellah Kausarey: History is not merely a chronicle of the past; it is the outline of a nation’s self-identity, belief system, and blueprint for the future. The history of Bengali Muslims represents, on one hand, the journey of Islamic consciousness and spiritual devotion, and on the other, the complex realities of political conflict, cultural adversity, and interreligious interaction. Islamic ideology, social unity, and a sense of state responsibility—these three elements have played pivotal roles in shaping the thoughts and political history of Bengali Muslims.
This essay aims to review the history and self-identity of Bengali Muslims from an Islamic perspective, analyzing how faith consciousness, disunity, and the aggression of taghuti forces have influenced their inner strength and collective direction.
In Islam, Iman (faith) is not merely a collective spiritual sentiment; rather, it is a comprehensive way of life, centered around the sovereignty of Allah and the determination to shape one’s existence according to His divine injunctions. The Qur’an states:
“And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed—then it is those who are the disbelievers, wrongdoers, and rebellious.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, 44–47)
Islamic scholars unanimously agree that faith is not limited to personal religious rituals. Instead, the sincere Muslim strives to implement Allah’s rulings in every sphere—personal, social, and political. Therefore, a true believer is a conscious Muslim whose thoughts, ethics, and political stance are oriented toward the pleasure of Allah.
Islam envisions the Muslim Ummah as a unified body, fundamentally rooted in Tawheed (monotheism) and the Sharia-based way of life. The era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs are exemplary models of unified Islamic leadership, justice, and solidarity.
Historically, it is evident that the Ummah was able to resist cultural and political aggression when it remained united. In the history of Bengali Muslims, this spirit of unity manifested in movements such as the Fakir-Sannyasi resistance, the leadership of Titumir, and the political momentum behind the Pakistan Movement of 1947. However, the politics of division, ideological confusion, and colonial cultural aggression eventually led to internal conflicts, identity crises, and religious disunity.
In Qur’anic terminology, Taghut refers to those forces that reject Allah’s law and seek to establish man-made ideologies and systems in its place. When a Muslim prioritizes taghuti frameworks over divine legislation, it reflects a fundamental weakness in faith.
From this standpoint, those who outwardly observe Islamic rituals—such as prayer, fasting, and Hajj—but fail to apply Allah’s commandments in personal, social, or political life, are not considered true believers according to foundational Islamic theology.
Historical analysis shows that devout believers have always been prime targets of Satanic and oppressive forces. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
“Even if a believer walks alone in a deserted field, Satan follows behind him.”
(Authentic Hadith, Mishkat)
Within this context, the targeting of Bengali Muslims is not surprising. Their efforts to revive Islamic values, assume cultural leadership, and establish political Islam have made them the subject of both international conspiracies and domestic suppression. British colonialism, administrative discrimination during the Pakistan era, and the secular framework of independent Bangladesh—all have functioned as strategies to suppress a particular Islamic consciousness.
A nation’s rise depends on its self-awareness, ideological integrity, and collective activism. The history of Bengali Muslims teaches us that disunity and ideological deviation are precursors to decline. Hence, we are in urgent need of the following:
Drawing lessons from history, Remaining steadfast in Islamic principles, Re-establishing Ummah unity over sectarian divisions,
Promoting a Sharia-based worldview in social, political, and cultural spheres.
The history of Bengali Muslims is not merely a record of political or cultural endeavors; it is a legacy of faith-driven movements. The crises we face today stem primarily from weakened faith and a lack of unity. Overcoming these challenges requires introspection, interreligious awareness, and national reconstruction guided by an Islamic worldview.
If we truly wish to be representatives of Allah on earth, we must reassess our history, identity, and ideological stance—reorienting ourselves toward a Tawheedic path. Unity, sacrifice, and faith must be the core principles of this journey.
References:
1. The Holy Qur’an, Surah Al-Ma’idah: 44–47
2. Maududi, S.A.A. Towards Understanding Islam, Islamic Publications
3. Nasr, S.H. Islamic Life and Thought, Routledge
4. Rahim, M.A. Social and Cultural History of Bengal, Vol I–II
5. Ahmed, Rafiuddin. The Bengal Muslims 1871–1906: A Quest for Identity, Oxford University Press
6. Esposito, John L. Islam and Politics, Syracuse University Press
7. Sharif, Muhammad Shahed. The Growth of Islamic Consciousness in Bangladesh, Islamic Foundation
Writer: Khaja Masum Bellah Kausarey, the Executive Director, SEDRO Bangladesh. He is also a Senior Journalist & Human Rights Activist in Bangladesh.
